I don’t have specific recommendations, but IMHO, “future proofing” is not really a thing so much as upgrade paths are. You can keep some wiggle room with your PSU, try to anticipate/sync upgrades with sockets or RAM generations, or keep RAM sockets free… but old hardware gonna get old regardless. Can’t think of many CPUs that held up for that long. And DDR5 will probably be considered rather slow by then, who knows.
If you’re going into data science though, you may want to think about ever needing CUDA stuff, therefore have stick with Nvidia…?