I both agree and disagree, I think Sonic does have normal eyes and those are his goggles, but I don’t think those are all the white of his eyes as we see them.
I think they look white just because that’s how the light reflects off them and they’re actually polarized lenses to help him see even when he’s traveling through deep sunset or sunrise when shit’s at its most blinding, or through brightly lit cities that can hit pedestrians with heavy glare.