Here’s an addendum with a few great episode examples which might pass my “test”.
TOS: “Amok Time”, (arguably) "The Galileo Seven"
TNG: “Brothers”, “Lower Decks”, "The Measure of a Man"
DS9: “It’s Only A Paper Moon”, “Improbable Cause”+“The Die Is Cast”, “The Magnificent Ferengi”
Other shows also have great episodes that pass, but I want to stop here for my examples so as to avoid showing my hand (too much) and stating which show(s) I think fail.