I'm not sure if it qualifies exactly as what you're describing, but Metal Gear Solid 2 had a moment where they subvert the game over screen. At some point in the fight a game over screen comes up but it's full of typos like "fission mailed" instead of "mission failed" and there's a small window in the top-left where the fight is still on-going.
Also, notably, all the soulsbourne games kind of subvert the player's death by making it basically required to continue most of the time.